Special finishing

(a) flame retardant finishing

Some special-purpose fabrics, such as metallurgy and fire protection workwear, military textiles, stage curtains, carpets and children's clothing, require certain flame-retardant functions. Therefore, it is necessary to flame-retard the fabrics. The so-called flame retardant is not to say that the treated fabric has the property of not being burned when contacting the fire source, but means that the fabric cannot be easily burned, or it can extinguish itself after leaving the flame without smoldering.

1. Temporarily flame-retardant cotton fibers are flammable fibers, which begin to crack when heated above 275°C and decompose flammable gases such as CO, CH4, tar and solid carbon, causing flaming combustion and smoldering, but the rapid spread of combustion .

Ordinary flame retardant finishing is a physical finishing. It is suitable for dry use of cotton fiber fabrics, such as wall coverings, carpets, etc. It is the use of water-soluble inorganic salts as flame retardants, impregnating, padding, brushing or spraying and other simple methods, the use of dilute flammable gases and The principle of separating fibers from fire and air is carried out. After finishing the fabric weight gain rate reached 10% to 15% can receive better results, but the fabric treated with this method is not washable, is a temporary finishing. For example, a treatment liquid made of borax: boric acid: diammonium hydrogen phosphate (by weight) of 7:3:5 is evenly applied to the fabric and dried. The other is the use of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate solution, evenly applied to the fabric, after drying to increase the weight within the specified range, in order to ensure good flame retardant effect.

2. After finishing the semi-durable flame-retardant finishing fabric, it can withstand the flame-retardant finishing of about 15 times of mild washing. This finishing process is often used for curtains, interior fabrics such as sofa fabrics, etc. At present, such flame retardants are mostly made by mixing phosphoric acid and nitrogen-containing compounds. When this flame retardant is used to organize cotton fiber fabrics, cellulose can be converted into fiber phosphate esters at high temperatures, thereby playing a flame-retardant role.

3. Durability Flame Retardant Finish The flame retardant agent reacts with the cotton fiber to achieve the purpose of flame retardancy. Therefore, after the fabric has been subjected to a durability treatment, it has a high wash fastness and is generally capable of washing more than 50 times.

(B) waterproof and water repellent finishing

Waterproof finishing refers to coating the surface of the fabric with a continuous film that is insoluble in sleeping. Although this kind of fabric is impervious to water, it is not breathable and should not be used as a general clothing item. However, it is suitable for industrial rainproof tarpaulins and covered cloths. Water repellent finishing is to retain a large number of pores between fibers and between yarns, so that the fabric can maintain its breathability and is not easily wetted by water. It is used in making windbreakers and other clothing fabrics.

Water repellent finishing aluminum soap method, washability and water repellent finishing and moisture permeability and water repellent finishing method.

1. Aluminium Soap Aluminium Soap is a working fluid supported by paraffin, soap, aluminum acetate, and gelatin that is impregnated at room temperature and dried. Aluminium soap method is easy to operate, low cost, but not washable.

2. Wash resistance Water repellent finish Washability Repellent finishes can be used compounds containing fatty acid long chain, such as after impregnation with water repellent PF, baking and cellulose fibers can react and fixed on the fabric, with washable rejection Water performance.

The silicone used in fabric finishing is usually made of oil-soluble liquid or 30% emulsion, which is more convenient to use. After finishing the fabric, in addition to durable water repellency, it also has a plump elastic style.

3. Breathable and breathable water repellent finish The polyurethane honor dimethylformamide (DMF) was coated on the fabric and then immersed in water. At this time, the polyurethane coagulated into a film, and the DMF was dissolved in water on the polyurethane film. The formation of many micro-holes, so that you can breathe moisture, and have water repellent properties, is the ideal fabric for raincoats.

(c) Antistatic finishing

Synthetic fibers have water-reducing properties. Therefore, pure synthetic fibers and high-spun blends of synthetic fibers have poor hygroscopicity and are prone to static electricity due to friction. Therefore, dust, dirt, and pilling are easily absorbed. In some explosive places, static sparks may also cause explosions.

Anti-static finishing agents for finishing after printing and dyeing are classified into non-durable anti-static finishing agents and durable anti-static finishing agents. Non-durable antistatic finishing agents have low affinity for fibers and are not resistant to washing, but the finishing agents are low in volatility, low in toxicity, less yellowish, and less corrosive. It is commonly used in spinning oils for synthetic fibers and non-durable antistatic finishes such as infrequently washed carpets. The main component of this type of finishing agent is a surfactant. For example, an alkyl phosphate ester compound is an anionic antistatic agent with better application performance. Commonly used antistatic agents are condensates of alkyl phosphates and triethanolamine, or conductive layers of insoluble polymers formed on the surface of fibers by cross-linking. Widely used in production are non-ionic and cationic finishing agents.

The molecular structure of the polymer contains polyoxyethylene ether linkages, which can form a continuous hydrophilic film on the surface of the polyester fiber, which is rich in hygroscopicity and can reduce static electricity. It is the same as the basic chemical structure of polyester fiber. Through high-temperature baking, the finishing agent can produce eutectic and co-crystallization effects with the polyester fiber, so that the antistatic property of the fabric has higher durability.

The antistatic finishing process is:

Padding finishing agent → drying → high temperature treatment (180~190°C).

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