Fifth, according to the common red mountain jade æ² color, can be roughly divided into the following situations (a) cloud smog Also known as smoke, this is a very beautiful name, it comes from the folk, and is in line with the identity of Hongshan Meiyu. This twilight is the most common twilight in Hongshan jade, and it is also the most beautiful and most beautiful twilight by collectors. From the sensory point of view, I feel that the twilight has just entered the jade skin, and has not yet entered the texture of jade. Just like a misty cloud, it floats on the jade watch and has a flowing feeling, but it is with jade. It has been integrated and deep into the jade muscles, even if it is rubbed off by hand, it can still be regenerated. In Chifeng, due to the dry climate, it is very difficult to form this twilight. It should take at least several thousand years. (2) Milky white This twilight appearance is milky white, which the folks call "milk white pulp". This name makes it easy for us to think of the silky, delicate and soft feeling of milk. This twilight looks smooth and moist, very clean; If you see the original jade color through the light, the milk white enamel sometimes looks like a thick layer, in fact, it is also a thin layer. Such jade-like jade is mostly yellow jade. It is because the jade density is high and hard, so it is not easy to be affected. After the underground soil has been eroded for thousands of years, the white pulp seems to be attached. On top of the jade watch, in fact, it has already penetrated into the jade muscle. Whether it is from jade or twilight, the jade with this twilight is also the best among the red mountain culture jade. (3) Opening the window It has the meaning of "opening the window and seeing the ground". The red mountain ancient jade sometimes reveals a small piece or a jade original "jade" in the middle of the receiving part, so that people can understand the original appearance of this ancient jade material. This kind of red mountain jade is naturally thick and heavy, which makes people feel a deep and shallow layering, and has a diffuse dynamic, especially between the subject and the unruly. Between the one and the other, the enamel layer has an extraordinary three-dimensional effect. (4) Chicken bone white Because jade is affected by time, soil quality and temperature in the soil, a calcification phenomenon is produced, just like cooked chicken bones, so it is called "chicken bone white". In the jade wares of Hongshan culture, some chickens are pale and white because the jade was burned before the earth was buried. From this point, it can also be found that the religious activities in the early days of the Hongshan culture have religious characteristics of cremation and fire sacrifices. The jade muscles are soft and the jade wares are easily eroded by soil and rain after being buried in the ground. There is a layer of calcified patina on the surface of the chicken bone white jade. The degree of exposure is also light and heavy. Light spots can be seen in the naked eye, which are illuminated by strong light. The heavy one has been thoroughly calcified, which is also a qualitative change phenomenon of jade. The calcified jade shows that it has deviated from the characteristics of jade and lost its jade. The jade that is severely calcified will be softer, or more crisp, afraid of bumps, and even soft, already nails can be moved. (5) Ice flakes Ice flakes are the natural aging phenomenon of jade, which is formed by the thermal expansion and contraction, snow and rain, and the weak acid and weak alkali contained in the soil. It is the result of the catalytic action of hypertonic substances, especially due to the Chifeng area. The soil is generally alkaline, and the temperature difference between the climate is relatively obvious. Most of the red mountain jade has this kind of ice flake. (6) ç‘• pattern It is also called a crack, which is the ancient jade that is smashed and slid along the original crack of the jade, or smashed along the looser part of the jade. There is a depression in the middle of the cracked crepe, and the crepe without crack is often A natural state of penetration. (7) Root pattern Listening to the name will know what it is, that is to say, the jade pattern on the outer surface of the jade is like a tree root that is intertwined and crosses a corresponding state. This kind of twilight is rare in Hongshan jade, as a natural twilight form, just a simple understanding. (8) Bloody and black æ² There are many ancients and even modern people who think that blood is the blood of human beings. In fact, this view is wrong. One is that human blood and flesh cannot stay on the surface for too long, and blood is no longer long. Red, and naturally evaporate with temperature; not to mention the jade is very hard when it is just in the soil, it is impossible to get in by liquid. This formation of ochre is mainly caused by minerals contained in the underground soil (such as iron ore, copper ore) or red enamel due to red soil. The degree of exposure is also light and light, sometimes light yellow, and heavy places with brown or black red blocks. (9) Bandits This is also an important method to distinguish the characteristics of Hongshan jade slabs. The local folks refer to this bandage as “big husk†and “soil 嘎â€. This kind of soil is generally made of red earth, black soil and loess. It is black, yellow and earthy red. There seems to be a small nuclei in the middle of the skin. It is like a mountain bag, surrounded by radial and layered. It seems that the firecrackers with yellow explosives have collapsed the same trace. After thousands of years of bandits, there will be cockroaches or small pits in the core, or become bites or eclipses. This kind of leather shell and jade surface have become one, even after water bubbles are difficult to remove. The above is the characteristics of the twilight produced by the eclipse state of Hongshan jade, which is relative to the soil and climatic conditions of various places in Chifeng. For example, the same is the Hongshan jade, which is also in the northeast, but the red mountain jade in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang has a certain difference from the twilight in Chifeng. We are accustomed to divide the storage environment of ancient jade into dry, medium and wet, as well as several types of environment, soil and climate types such as heat, temperature and cold. In dry and alpine environments, the rate of erosion is much slower. This is the main reason why Hongshan jade has survived for more than 8,000 years. Of course, if you want to study the authenticity of a piece of Hongshan ancient jade, you need to add together the information of jade material, shape, honing process and jade ochre to judge together. Jade's true and false judgment, these four methods should be the most benchmark. Moreover, the combination of these four methods should be very harmonious, and there will be no contradictory phenomena. That is to say, all the information on the Hongshan jade is clear and mutually confirmed, and finally reflected. The conclusion should be the jade of a certain cultural period of Hongshan culture. If there is a contradiction between them, there will be information contradiction. If the information is contradictory, "Hongshan ancient jade", it is a doubt. "Hongshan ancient jade". Therefore, Liu Datong said in "The Ancient Jade Debate": æ² æ² , 〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠The ancient jade, the natural aura, borrowed from time to brew, naturally born, radiant and lively, the charm is very. Where the ancient jade is true, it can be without the appearance of ochre, but it must not be the soul element of the god of light. Today, people can imitate the pattern of the work, but it is difficult to imitate it; it can imitate its flaws, but it cannot be unified with the god of phosgene. Therefore, for the identification of ancient jade, it is a beginner to see the type, material, work, and tattoo; those who can see the ochre can be described as masters; those who can be familiar with the light, the gas, and the gods are the best! 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